Non-root user

With 2020.1 Kali has swapped to a privileged non-root user by default. This means that root has no password set, and the account created during installation is the one to use. It is possible to re-enable access to the root user, however this is not recommended.

Sudo?

sudo is a way that we can access tools, ports, or services that need administrative privileges. Sudo is powerful however, and can allow full access to the system, so it is not advised to use sudo on every command.

Because Kali creates a user with administrative privileges by default, users can use sudo right away and supply their password for authentication. Should a user wish to enable password-less sudo, which poses a security risk should someone gain access the the user account, they have that option:

kali@kali:~$ sudo apt install -y kali-grant-root && sudo dpkg-reconfigure kali-grant-root

The previous command installs a package that will allow for a user to be added to a trusted group that will not need to supply a password when using sudo. This does not mean however that root will be reinstated.

kali@kali:~$ ls /root
ls: cannot open directory '/root': Permission denied
kali@kali:~$
kali@kali:~$ sudo ls /root
[sudo] password for kali:
hello
kali@kali:~$ sudo apt install -y kali-grant-root
[...]
kali@kali:~$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure kali-grant-root
[...]
kali@kali:~$ sudo ls /root
hello
kali@kali:~$