Packages and Binaries:
openssh-client
This is the portable version of OpenSSH, a free implementation of the Secure Shell protocol as specified by the IETF secsh working group.
Ssh (Secure Shell) is a program for logging into a remote machine and for executing commands on a remote machine. It provides secure encrypted communications between two untrusted hosts over an insecure network. X11 connections and arbitrary TCP/IP ports can also be forwarded over the secure channel. It can be used to provide applications with a secure communication channel.
This package provides the ssh, scp and sftp clients, the ssh-agent and ssh-add programs to make public key authentication more convenient, and the ssh-keygen, ssh-keyscan, ssh-copy-id and ssh-argv0 utilities.
In some countries it may be illegal to use any encryption at all without a special permit.
ssh replaces the insecure rsh, rcp and rlogin programs, which are obsolete for most purposes.
Installed size: 4.83 MB
How to install: sudo apt install openssh-client
Dependencies:
- adduser
- libc6
- libedit2
- libfido2-1
- libgssapi-krb5-2
- libselinux1
- libssl3t64
- passwd
- zlib1g
scp
OpenSSH secure file copy
root@kali:~# scp -h
scp: unknown option -- h
usage: scp [-346ABCOpqRrsTv] [-c cipher] [-D sftp_server_path] [-F ssh_config]
[-i identity_file] [-J destination] [-l limit] [-o ssh_option]
[-P port] [-S program] [-X sftp_option] source ... target
sftp
OpenSSH secure file transfer
root@kali:~# sftp --help
unknown option -- -
usage: sftp [-46AaCfNpqrv] [-B buffer_size] [-b batchfile] [-c cipher]
[-D sftp_server_command] [-F ssh_config] [-i identity_file]
[-J destination] [-l limit] [-o ssh_option] [-P port]
[-R num_requests] [-S program] [-s subsystem | sftp_server]
[-X sftp_option] destination
slogin
OpenSSH remote login client
root@kali:~# slogin -h
unknown option -- h
usage: ssh [-46AaCfGgKkMNnqsTtVvXxYy] [-B bind_interface] [-b bind_address]
[-c cipher_spec] [-D [bind_address:]port] [-E log_file]
[-e escape_char] [-F configfile] [-I pkcs11] [-i identity_file]
[-J destination] [-L address] [-l login_name] [-m mac_spec]
[-O ctl_cmd] [-o option] [-P tag] [-p port] [-R address]
[-S ctl_path] [-W host:port] [-w local_tun[:remote_tun]]
destination [command [argument ...]]
ssh [-Q query_option]
ssh
OpenSSH remote login client
root@kali:~# ssh -h
unknown option -- h
usage: ssh [-46AaCfGgKkMNnqsTtVvXxYy] [-B bind_interface] [-b bind_address]
[-c cipher_spec] [-D [bind_address:]port] [-E log_file]
[-e escape_char] [-F configfile] [-I pkcs11] [-i identity_file]
[-J destination] [-L address] [-l login_name] [-m mac_spec]
[-O ctl_cmd] [-o option] [-P tag] [-p port] [-R address]
[-S ctl_path] [-W host:port] [-w local_tun[:remote_tun]]
destination [command [argument ...]]
ssh [-Q query_option]
ssh-add
Adds private key identities to the OpenSSH authentication agent
root@kali:~# man ssh-add
SSH-ADD(1) General Commands Manual SSH-ADD(1)
NAME
ssh-add -- adds private key identities to the OpenSSH authentication
agent
SYNOPSIS
ssh-add [-CcDdKkLlqvXx] [-E fingerprint_hash] [-H hostkey_file]
[-h destination_constraint] [-S provider] [-t life] [file ...]
ssh-add -s pkcs11 [-Cv] [certificate ...]
ssh-add -e pkcs11
ssh-add -T pubkey ...
DESCRIPTION
ssh-add adds private key identities to the authentication agent,
ssh-agent(1). When run without arguments, it adds the files
~/.ssh/id_rsa, ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa, ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa_sk, ~/.ssh/id_ed25519,
~/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk, and ~/.ssh/id_dsa. After loading a private key,
ssh-add will try to load corresponding certificate information from the
filename obtained by appending -cert.pub to the name of the private key
file. Alternative file names can be given on the command line.
If any file requires a passphrase, ssh-add asks for the passphrase from
the user. The passphrase is read from the user's tty. ssh-add retries
the last passphrase if multiple identity files are given.
The authentication agent must be running and the SSH_AUTH_SOCK environ-
ment variable must contain the name of its socket for ssh-add to work.
The options are as follows:
-C When loading keys into or deleting keys from the agent, process
certificates only and skip plain keys.
-c Indicates that added identities should be subject to confirma-
tion before being used for authentication. Confirmation is per-
formed by ssh-askpass(1). Successful confirmation is signaled
by a zero exit status from ssh-askpass(1), rather than text en-
tered into the requester.
-D Deletes all identities from the agent.
-d Instead of adding identities, removes identities from the agent.
If ssh-add has been run without arguments, the keys for the de-
fault identities and their corresponding certificates will be
removed. Otherwise, the argument list will be interpreted as a
list of paths to public key files to specify keys and certifi-
cates to be removed from the agent. If no public key is found
at a given path, ssh-add will append .pub and retry. If the ar-
gument list consists of "-" then ssh-add will read public keys
to be removed from standard input.
-E fingerprint_hash
Specifies the hash algorithm used when displaying key finger-
prints. Valid options are: "md5" and "sha256". The default is
"sha256".
-e pkcs11
Remove keys provided by the PKCS#11 shared library pkcs11.
-H hostkey_file
Specifies a known hosts file to look up hostkeys when using des-
tination-constrained keys via the -h flag. This option may be
specified multiple times to allow multiple files to be searched.
If no files are specified, ssh-add will use the default
ssh_config(5) known hosts files: ~/.ssh/known_hosts,
~/.ssh/known_hosts2, /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts, and
/etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts2.
-h destination_constraint
When adding keys, constrain them to be usable only through spe-
cific hosts or to specific destinations.
Destination constraints of the form `[user@]dest-hostname' per-
mit use of the key only from the origin host (the one running
ssh-agent(1)) to the listed destination host, with optional user
name.
Constraints of the form `src-hostname>[user@]dst-hostname' allow
a key available on a forwarded ssh-agent(1) to be used through a
particular host (as specified by `src-hostname') to authenticate
to a further host, specified by `dst-hostname'.
Multiple destination constraints may be added when loading keys.
When attempting authentication with a key that has destination
constraints, the whole connection path, including ssh-agent(1)
forwarding, is tested against those constraints and each hop
must be permitted for the attempt to succeed. For example, if
key is forwarded to a remote host, `host-b', and is attempting
authentication to another host, `host-c', then the operation
will be successful only if `host-b' was permitted from the ori-
gin host and the subsequent `host-b>host-c' hop is also permit-
ted by destination constraints.
Hosts are identified by their host keys, and are looked up from
known hosts files by ssh-add. Wildcards patterns may be used
for hostnames and certificate host keys are supported. By de-
fault, keys added by ssh-add are not destination constrained.
Destination constraints were added in OpenSSH release 8.9. Sup-
port in both the remote SSH client and server is required when
using destination-constrained keys over a forwarded ssh-agent(1)
channel.
It is also important to note that destination constraints can
only be enforced by ssh-agent(1) when a key is used, or when it
is forwarded by a cooperating ssh(1). Specifically, it does not
prevent an attacker with access to a remote SSH_AUTH_SOCK from
forwarding it again and using it on a different host (but only
to a permitted destination).
-K Load resident keys from a FIDO authenticator.
-k When loading keys into or deleting keys from the agent, process
plain private keys only and skip certificates.
-L Lists public key parameters of all identities currently repre-
sented by the agent.
-l Lists fingerprints of all identities currently represented by
the agent.
-q Be quiet after a successful operation.
-S provider
Specifies a path to a library that will be used when adding FIDO
authenticator-hosted keys, overriding the default of using the
internal USB HID support.
-s pkcs11
Add keys provided by the PKCS#11 shared library pkcs11. Cer-
tificate files may optionally be listed as command-line argu-
ments. If these are present, then they will be loaded into the
agent using any corresponding private keys loaded from the
PKCS#11 token.
-T pubkey ...
Tests whether the private keys that correspond to the specified
pubkey files are usable by performing sign and verify operations
on each.
-t life
Set a maximum lifetime when adding identities to an agent. The
lifetime may be specified in seconds or in a time format speci-
fied in sshd_config(5).
-v Verbose mode. Causes ssh-add to print debugging messages about
its progress. This is helpful in debugging problems. Multiple
-v options increase the verbosity. The maximum is 3.
-X Unlock the agent.
-x Lock the agent with a password.
ENVIRONMENT
DISPLAY, SSH_ASKPASS and SSH_ASKPASS_REQUIRE
If ssh-add needs a passphrase, it will read the passphrase from
the current terminal if it was run from a terminal. If ssh-add
does not have a terminal associated with it but DISPLAY and
SSH_ASKPASS are set, it will execute the program specified by
SSH_ASKPASS (by default "ssh-askpass") and open an X11 window to
read the passphrase. This is particularly useful when calling
ssh-add from a .xsession or related script.
SSH_ASKPASS_REQUIRE allows further control over the use of an
askpass program. If this variable is set to "never" then
ssh-add will never attempt to use one. If it is set to
"prefer", then ssh-add will prefer to use the askpass program
instead of the TTY when requesting passwords. Finally, if the
variable is set to "force", then the askpass program will be
used for all passphrase input regardless of whether DISPLAY is
set.
SSH_AUTH_SOCK
Identifies the path of a Unix-domain socket used to communicate
with the agent.
SSH_SK_PROVIDER
Specifies a path to a library that will be used when loading any
FIDO authenticator-hosted keys, overriding the default of using
the built-in USB HID support.
FILES
~/.ssh/id_dsa
~/.ssh/id_ecdsa
~/.ssh/id_ecdsa_sk
~/.ssh/id_ed25519
~/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk
~/.ssh/id_rsa
Contains the DSA, ECDSA, authenticator-hosted ECDSA, Ed25519,
authenticator-hosted Ed25519 or RSA authentication identity of
the user.
Identity files should not be readable by anyone but the user. Note that
ssh-add ignores identity files if they are accessible by others.
EXIT STATUS
Exit status is 0 on success, 1 if the specified command fails, and 2 if
ssh-add is unable to contact the authentication agent.
SEE ALSO
ssh(1), ssh-agent(1), ssh-askpass(1), ssh-keygen(1), sshd(8)
AUTHORS
OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free ssh 1.2.12 release by
Tatu Ylonen. Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos,
Theo de Raadt and Dug Song removed many bugs, re-added newer features
and created OpenSSH. Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH pro-
tocol versions 1.5 and 2.0.
Debian December 19, 2023 SSH-ADD(1)
ssh-agent
OpenSSH authentication agent
root@kali:~# ssh-agent -h
unknown option -- h
usage: ssh-agent [-c | -s] [-Dd] [-a bind_address] [-E fingerprint_hash]
[-O option] [-P allowed_providers] [-t life]
ssh-agent [-a bind_address] [-E fingerprint_hash] [-O option]
[-P allowed_providers] [-t life] command [arg ...]
ssh-agent [-c | -s] -k
ssh-argv0
Replaces the old ssh command-name as hostname handling
root@kali:~# man ssh-argv0
SSH-ARGV0(1) General Commands Manual SSH-ARGV0(1)
NAME
ssh-argv0 -- replaces the old ssh command-name as hostname handling
SYNOPSIS
hostname | user@hostname [-l login_name] [command]
hostname | user@hostname [-afgknqstvxACNTX1246] [-b bind_address]
[-c cipher_spec] [-e escape_char] [-i identity_file] [-l login_name]
[-m mac_spec] [-o option] [-p port] [-F configfile] [-L
port:host:hostport] [-R port:host:hostport] [-D port] [command]
DESCRIPTION
ssh-argv0 replaces the old ssh command-name as hostname handling. If
you link to this script with a hostname then executing the link is
equivalent to having executed ssh with that hostname as an argument.
All other arguments are passed to ssh and will be processed normally.
OPTIONS
See ssh(1).
FILES
See ssh(1).
AUTHORS
OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free ssh 1.2.12 release by
Tatu Ylonen. Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos,
Theo de Raadt and Dug Song removed many bugs, re-added newer features
and created OpenSSH. Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH pro-
tocol versions 1.5 and 2.0. Natalie Amery wrote this ssh-argv0 script
and the associated documentation.
SEE ALSO
ssh(1)
Debian Project September 7, 2001 SSH-ARGV0(1)
ssh-copy-id
Use locally available keys to authorise logins on a remote machine
root@kali:~# ssh-copy-id --help
Illegal option --
Usage: /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id [-h|-?|-f|-n|-s|-x] [-i [identity_file]] [-p port] [-F alternative ssh_config file] [-t target_path] [[-o <ssh -o options>] ...] [user@]hostname
-f: force mode -- copy keys without trying to check if they are already installed
-n: dry run -- no keys are actually copied
-s: use sftp -- use sftp instead of executing remote-commands. Can be useful if the remote only allows sftp
-x: debug -- enables -x in this shell, for debugging
-h|-?: print this help
ssh-keygen
OpenSSH authentication key utility
root@kali:~# ssh-keygen --help
unknown option -- -
usage: ssh-keygen [-q] [-a rounds] [-b bits] [-C comment] [-f output_keyfile]
[-m format] [-N new_passphrase] [-O option]
[-t dsa | ecdsa | ecdsa-sk | ed25519 | ed25519-sk | rsa]
[-w provider] [-Z cipher]
ssh-keygen -p [-a rounds] [-f keyfile] [-m format] [-N new_passphrase]
[-P old_passphrase] [-Z cipher]
ssh-keygen -i [-f input_keyfile] [-m key_format]
ssh-keygen -e [-f input_keyfile] [-m key_format]
ssh-keygen -y [-f input_keyfile]
ssh-keygen -c [-a rounds] [-C comment] [-f keyfile] [-P passphrase]
ssh-keygen -l [-v] [-E fingerprint_hash] [-f input_keyfile]
ssh-keygen -B [-f input_keyfile]
ssh-keygen -D pkcs11
ssh-keygen -F hostname [-lv] [-f known_hosts_file]
ssh-keygen -H [-f known_hosts_file]
ssh-keygen -K [-a rounds] [-w provider]
ssh-keygen -R hostname [-f known_hosts_file]
ssh-keygen -r hostname [-g] [-f input_keyfile]
ssh-keygen -M generate [-O option] output_file
ssh-keygen -M screen [-f input_file] [-O option] output_file
ssh-keygen -I certificate_identity -s ca_key [-hU] [-D pkcs11_provider]
[-n principals] [-O option] [-V validity_interval]
[-z serial_number] file ...
ssh-keygen -L [-f input_keyfile]
ssh-keygen -A [-a rounds] [-f prefix_path]
ssh-keygen -k -f krl_file [-u] [-s ca_public] [-z version_number]
file ...
ssh-keygen -Q [-l] -f krl_file [file ...]
ssh-keygen -Y find-principals -s signature_file -f allowed_signers_file
ssh-keygen -Y match-principals -I signer_identity -f allowed_signers_file
ssh-keygen -Y check-novalidate -n namespace -s signature_file
ssh-keygen -Y sign -f key_file -n namespace file [-O option] ...
ssh-keygen -Y verify -f allowed_signers_file -I signer_identity
-n namespace -s signature_file [-r krl_file] [-O option]
ssh-keyscan
Gather SSH public keys from servers
root@kali:~# ssh-keyscan -h
unknown option -- h
usage: ssh-keyscan [-46cDHv] [-f file] [-O option] [-p port] [-T timeout]
[-t type] [host | addrlist namelist]
openssh-server
This is the portable version of OpenSSH, a free implementation of the Secure Shell protocol as specified by the IETF secsh working group.
Ssh (Secure Shell) is a program for logging into a remote machine and for executing commands on a remote machine. It provides secure encrypted communications between two untrusted hosts over an insecure network. X11 connections and arbitrary TCP/IP ports can also be forwarded over the secure channel. It can be used to provide applications with a secure communication channel.
This package provides the sshd server.
In some countries it may be illegal to use any encryption at all without a special permit.
sshd replaces the insecure rshd program, which is obsolete for most purposes.
Installed size: 1.76 MB
How to install: sudo apt install openssh-server
Dependencies:
- adduser
- debconf | debconf-2.0
- init-system-helpers
- libaudit1
- libc6
- libcom-err2
- libcrypt1
- libgssapi-krb5-2
- libkrb5-3
- libpam-modules
- libpam-runtime
- libpam0g
- libselinux1
- libssl3t64
- libwrap0
- lsb-base
- openssh-client
- openssh-sftp-server
- procps
- runit-helper
- ucf
- zlib1g
sshd
OpenSSH daemon
root@kali:~# sshd -h
option requires an argument -- h
OpenSSH_9.7p1 Debian-7, OpenSSL 3.2.2 4 Jun 2024
usage: sshd [-46DdeGiqTtV] [-C connection_spec] [-c host_cert_file]
[-E log_file] [-f config_file] [-g login_grace_time]
[-h host_key_file] [-o option] [-p port] [-u len]
openssh-sftp-server
This is the portable version of OpenSSH, a free implementation of the Secure Shell protocol as specified by the IETF secsh working group.
Ssh (Secure Shell) is a program for logging into a remote machine and for executing commands on a remote machine. It provides secure encrypted communications between two untrusted hosts over an insecure network. X11 connections and arbitrary TCP/IP ports can also be forwarded over the secure channel. It can be used to provide applications with a secure communication channel.
This package provides the SFTP server module for the SSH server. It is needed if you want to access your SSH server with SFTP. The SFTP server module also works with other SSH daemons like dropbear.
OpenSSH’s sftp and sftp-server implement revision 3 of the SSH filexfer protocol described in:
http://www.openssh.com/txt/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-02.txt
Newer versions of the draft will not be supported, though some features are individually implemented as extensions.
Installed size: 173 KB
How to install: sudo apt install openssh-sftp-server
Dependencies:
- libc6
- openssh-client
openssh-tests
This package provides OpenSSH’s regression test suite. It is mainly intended for use with the autopkgtest system, though can also be run directly using /usr/lib/openssh/regress/run-tests.
Installed size: 6.56 MB
How to install: sudo apt install openssh-tests
Dependencies:
- libc6
- libselinux1
- libssl3t64
- openssh-client
- openssh-server
- openssh-sftp-server
- openssl
- putty-tools
- python3-twisted
- zlib1g
ssh
This metapackage is a convenient way to install both the OpenSSH client and the OpenSSH server. It provides nothing in and of itself, so you may remove it if nothing depends on it.
Installed size: 152 KB
How to install: sudo apt install ssh
Dependencies:
- openssh-client
- openssh-server
ssh-askpass-gnome
This has been split out of the main openssh-client package so that openssh-client does not need to depend on GTK+.
You probably want the ssh-askpass package instead, but this is provided to add to your choice and/or confusion.
Installed size: 189 KB
How to install: sudo apt install ssh-askpass-gnome
Dependencies:
- libc6
- libglib2.0-0t64
- libgtk-3-0t64
- openssh-client | ssh
Updated on: 2024-Aug-06